Tinkercad: Pid Control

If the temperature remains low, the PWM_Output rises further (driven by Kicap K sub i ) until the LED brightens significantly.

Error e(t)=Setpoint−Process VariableError e open paren t close paren equals Setpoint minus Process Variable

until the system responds quickly to temperature changes, even if it constantly overshoots and oscillates. Introduce a small value for Kdcap K sub d

// Proportional float P = Kp * error;

I built a Tinkercad PID temperature controller with a thermistor, heater (LED/PWM), and fan. Seeing the response overshoot and then stabilize helped me understand integral windup. Moving to real hardware was much easier after tuning in simulation.

// Initialize PID controller PID myPID(&input, &output, &setpoint, Kp, Ki, Kd, DIRECT);

lastError = error;

Once you are comfortable with basic PID implementations, Tinkercad enables you to explore more advanced projects, such as:

Slowly increase Ki (try increments of 0.1 ). The integral term will eliminate the remaining steady-state error, bringing the temperature exactly to the setpoint. If you notice the temperature overshooting the target and oscillating back and forth, reduce Ki .

I can then provide a more detailed for your specific setup. Basics of Arduino (TINKERCAD) tinkercad pid control

Here is the complete code you will paste into the Tinkercad code editor.

// Proportional float P = Kp * error;

Simulate a heater using an LED and a thermistor (or analog pot) to maintain a setpoint. If the temperature remains low, the PWM_Output rises